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Apart from being affected by the delusions, the patient is not markedly impaired functionally nor is his or her behaviour bizarre or odd.However, there may be presence of tactile or auditory hallucinations in case they are related to delusional theme. The patient’s symptoms have never met the criteria known as characteristic symptoms of Schizophrenia.Non-bizarre delusions for at least one month are present, which involve real life situations like being followed, poisoned, loved at a distance or deceived by one’s lover.Once the medical causes of psychosis, leading to hallucination are ruled out a psychiatric consult may be essential for treatments to begin.ĭiagnosis for delusions may be based on the following criteria.EEG may be helpful in revealing slowing activity in delirium, low-voltage fast activity in alcohol withdrawal etc.
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Initial lab tests may include electrolytes, calcium, glucose, liver function tests, creatinine, albumin, alkaline phosphate, phosphate, magnesium, CBC, ECG, urinalysis, toxicology screen, pulse oximetry, and drug levels Chest X-ray may be indicated for infectious etiologies of delirium etc There may be a requirement of some lab tests to diagnose hallucination in a patient.The diagnosis steps also include noting the timing of hallucination(For, example following alcohol or certain drug use, at random timing, or under stress etc).Diagnosis also include assess for suicidal or homicidal ideations.Diagnosis of patients with schizophrenia requires two positive or negative symptoms to be present for one month and signs continuing for at least 6 months of period. Schizophrenic patients may encounter hallucinations.Overvalued ideas may be present in anorexia nervosa, body dysmorphic disorder, Obsessive compulsive disorder etc.ĭifferences Between Hallucinations and Delusions Based on Diagnosis Proceduresĭiagnosis of Hallucinations in a patient may require the patient’s medical history and some physical examinations done by the doctor.Apart from this, Bipolar disorder, dementia, major depression with psychotic features etc may also cause delusion in a person.Patients with mental disorders like psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, shared psychotic disorder, brief psychotic disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder etc may suffer from delusions.Actually when the brain lacks an external stimulation to form perceptions, it may compensate by referencing the memory and form perceptions based on hallucinations. Mostly blind and deaf individuals meet with this condition of hallucinations. Meditation and sensory deprivation may also cause hallucinations.Lesions or injuries to the brain can lead to an alteration in brain function and cause hallucinations. Brain damage or brain diseases can lead to hallucinations.Lack of sleep or exhaustion can also cause hallucination.Withdrawal from some recreational drugs, including withdrawal from sedatives, alcohol, hypnotics etc can also produce hallucinations.Certain recreational drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, cannabis or marijuana, phencyclidine(PCP) etc can cause hallucinations.Prolonged or extreme stress can impede thought processes and cause or trigger hallucinations.Psychotic disorders like Schizophrenia, shared psychotic disorder, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression with psychotic features, dementia etc may cause hallucinations.They may also be symptoms of delusional disorder. Delusions are mostly the common symptoms of certain mood and personality related mental illnesses like Schizoaffective disorder, shared psychotic disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and Bipolar disorder. However, Delusions are a false belief that is based on incorrect inference about external reality or the false belief that is fanciful and derived from deception. So, it is obvious that hallucinations mostly occur during periods of consciousness. Hallucinations may be experienced when environmental, emotional or physical factors like stress, medication, excessive fatigue or any mental illness cause the mechanism inside the person’s brain that aids to distinguish conscious perceptions from internal, memory-based perceptions to misfire. These sensory experiences may be seen, felt, heard and even smelt or tasted. Hallucinations are the false or distorted sensory experiences generated by the mind rather than by any external stimuli and they appear to be veridical perceptions. Basic Differences Between Hallucinations and Delusions: